Only time will tell whether the healthcare reform laws passed by Congress this spring will be the salvation Democrats promise or the nightmare Republicans predict. One consequence, even so, has already become clear: Enforcement of anti-fraud laws will boost dramatically.
Morgan Lewis & Bockius Alert on Healthcare Reform (March 31, 2010)
Hall Render Alert on Healthcare Reform (April 15, 2010)
Pillsbury Alert on Healthcare Legislation (April 22, 2010)
Morgan Lewis: Summary of Fraud Abuse Requirements
Related Coverage
Healthcare Reform Expands False Claims Liability (April 13, 2010)
Any business receiving government money for healthcare—hospitals, doctors, nursing homes, medical-device makers, health insurers, suppliers to any of those, and many more—now face a world of much more emboldened regulators, freshly armed with hundreds of millions in new money to fight fraud. What’s more, the language in several key statutes has also been changed to expand the scope of liability for fraud and who can press fraud claims against businesses accepting government funds. And as ever-more numbers of U.S. citizens see at least part of their health insurance funded by the government, that hawkish eye searching for potential fraud is likely to be permanent.
McDermott
“Fraud and abuse is going to be a sustained government focus because the dollars in healthcare and the number of beneficiaries have so dramatically increased,” says Kathleen McDermott, a partner in the law firm Morgan Lewis & Bockius.
Healthcare reform, which formally existed as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, provides an extra $350 million to crack down on Medicare fraud and similar abuse over the next decade; $250 million of that is front-loaded into fiscal years 2011 through 2016. The laws also make major changes “behind the scenes, in terms of the government’s tools to find fraud and abuse and the stick they have when they find it,” says Clinton Mikel of the law firm Hall Render Killian Heath & Lyman. That includes expanded investigative tools and data-sharing powers, new and increased penalties, and additional funding for enforcing fraud and abuse laws.
Mikel
“For any healthcare provider that directly or indirectly receives payments from any federal healthcare program, the government has a buffet line of new powers to come after you,” Mikel warns.
Compliance officers in all corners of the healthcare industry should expect to be plenty busy in coming months, adjusting their compliance and reporting procedures in response to the changes. Exactly what they should do is still unclear, on the other hand, since many of the laws’ implementing regulations have not yet been written.
“For any healthcare provider that directly or indirectly receives payments from any federal healthcare program, the government has a buffet line of new powers to come after you.”
—Clinton Mikel,
Lawyer,
Hall Render Killian Heath & Lyman
“There are more unknowns than knowns at this point,” says Christa Rapoport, chief compliance officer at employee benefits consulting firm Corporate Synergies Group. “But something we do know is that … enforcers won’t have a lot of leniency.” She says healthcare organizations will need to “drill down to an operational level … and look at their entire way of doing business.”
While CCOs await those implementing regulations, a productive use of their time might be to assess their current systems for handling payments as well as contracting and auditing procedures, says Douglas Grimm, a former hospital administrator who is now a lawyer with the firm Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw.
Specifically, CCOs should consider the problem of overpayment from the federal government—which has long been a fact of life healthcare providers submitting claims under federal programs like Medicare. Providers are supposed to return such overpayments in a timely manner, and in 2009, the Federal Enforcement & Recovery Act stipulated that failure to do so would expose a company to fraud liability under the False Claims Act. The healthcare reform laws passed in March “take it further, by making it clear that if providers don’t return overpayments within 60 days, it may be actionable under the FCA,” says Andrew Tulumello, partner in the law firm Gibson Dunn & Crutcher.
Tulumello
Translation: Common payment disputes can become major FCA issues. “For companies that are processing hundreds or thousands of reimbursement claims from Medicare and Medicaid, the likelihood that there is going to be a compliance miss is pretty high,” Tulumello warns.
FRAUD AND ABUSE
Excerpt from Morgan Lewis chart: Fraud and Abuse and Program Integrity:
Provision (Section of Healthcare ReformLaw and Related Laws):
Overpayments Sec. 6402 (42 U.S.C. § 1301 et. seq.)
Summary of Requirement—Fraud and Abuse:
* Overpayments must be reported and returned within 60 days of identity or the date a corresponding cost report is due, which ever is later. Repayments may be made to the carrier, contractor, or intermediary.
* Any overpayment retained after the 60-day deadline is considered an obligation for purposes of the False Claims Act.
* 2009 False Claims Act amendments provided an expanded definition of obligation. 31 U.S.C. 3729(b)(3).
Effective Date:
March 23, 2010
Provision (Section of Healthcare ReformLaw and Related Laws):
Medicare Self-Referral Disclosure Protocol Sec. 6409
Summary of Requirement—Fraud and Abuse:
* Establishes a self-referral disclosure protocol (SRDP) for healthcare providers and suppliers to disclose an actual or potential violation of the Federal Physician Self-Referral Law (Stark Law).
* Authorizes HHS discretion to reduce the amount due and owing for all violations under the Stark Law to an amount less than that specified in the statute. In establishing the amount due, the following factors may be considered:
—Nature and extent of the improper or illegal practice
—Timeliness of such self-disclosure
—Cooperation in providing additional information related to the disclosure
—Such other factors as the Secretary considers appropriate
Effective Date:
SRDP procedures to be established no more than six months from the date of enactment, March 23, 2010
Procedures to be established in consultation with the OIG.
Provision (Section of Healthcare ReformLaw and Related Laws):
Medicare/Medicaid Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) Amendments. Sec. 6402 (42 U.S.C. § 1320a- 7b)
Summary of Requirement—Fraud and Abuse:
* A claim that includes items or services resulting from a violation of the AKS constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act.
* A person need not have actual knowledge of the AKS nor specific intent to commit an AKS violation.
Effective Date:
March 23, 2010
Provision (Section of Healthcare ReformLaw and Related Laws):
Expansion of Recovery Audit Contractor (RAC) Program
Summary of Requirement—Fraud and Abuse:
Mandates the expansion of the RAC program into Medicaid by requiring states to contract by December 31, 2010 with one or more RACs to identify underpayments and overpayments and recoup overpayments for Medicaid services. Sec. 6411 (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(42))
Mandates the expansion of the RAC program to Medicare Parts C and D by requiring HHS Secretary to contract with RACs to, among other things, ensure that each Part C MA plan and each Part D prescription drug plan has an anti- fraud plan in effect and to review the effectiveness of such anti-fraud plan. Sec. 6411 (42 U.S.C. § 1395ddd(h))
Requires CMS to submit an annual report to Congress regarding the effectiveness of the RAC program under Medicare and Medicaid. Sec. 6411
Effective Date:
March 23, 2010
Source
Morgan Lewis: Summary of Fraud Abuse Requirements
This is not something healthcare businesses should take lightly, either. FCA violations can be expensive unto themselves, with legal costs, financial penalties, and damages. But worse, offending parties can be prohibited from participating in Medicare or Medicaid; that, Tulumello says, “can be a death penalty for lot of companies in the space.”
For that reason, experts say healthcare providers, suppliers, and health plans need to ensure that they have robust payment processing and audit procedures in place, so they can catch and return any overpayments quickly—and so they can demonstrate to government investigators that they do so.
And There’s More
Healthcare reform throws several more curveballs in the anti-fraud game. It amends the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (which bars payments for referrals) so that the government no longer needs to prove intent to show violations of the law. It also amends the physician self-referral law, known as the Stark Law, which generally prohibits doctors from referring a patient to a healthcare facility where he or a family member has a financial interest; the new language requires the Department of Health & Human Services to implement a self-disclosure protocol for providers that discover Stark violations.
HHS will have discretion to reduce the penalties for Stark violations based on the facts and circumstances, including factors such as the timeliness of self-disclosure and cooperation. Healthcare reform also limits a Stark exception that allows physicians to hold ownership interests in hospitals.
McDermott says companies need to confirm that all their agreements are in writing and properly documented for Stark compliance, to make sure they are “not in a gotcha situation.”
“A lot hospitals and doctors don’t adhere to basic contracting provisions,” McDermott says. “Their contracts are half signed or not signed at all.”
Kozlow-Barnes
Healthcare reform also increases and expands Recovery Audit Contractor Program audits, where outside parties audit healthcare providers for fraud and keep a portion of any amounts they recover. Susanne Kozlow-Barnes, another lawyer with the firm Hall Render, says that’s reason for concern. Since RAC auditors are paid on a contingency basis, “they have incentive to be aggressive,” she says.
McDermott notes that healthcare providers and plans will need to devote resources both to internal auditing efforts and to responses to RAC requests. Since RACs, which operate on behalf of the government, can refer program integrity problems or fraud worries to law enforcement, healthcare providers should structure audit responses to RACs “with the same degree of diligence as a direct government request,” according to a legal bulletin from Morgan Lewis & Bockius.
And as Compliance Week has previously reported, the healthcare reform laws also amended the False Claims Act to diminish corporate defenses under the so-called “public disclosure bar.” The new language sharply narrows the definition of “publicly disclosed information,” which corporations previously could cite as a defense against qui tam lawsuits fraud whistleblowers can file on behalf of the government. The good news: Those amendments aren’t retroactive, so they don’t apply to any cases pending on or before March 23, when healthcare reform was signed into law.
Click this link to view original source